Vulnerability report

Exploitation attempts observed in the wild Confirmed confidence In CISA KEV

CVE-2023-28461

Array AG Series and vxAG Remote Code Execution

Array Networks / Array AG Series and vxAG · 0 to <= 9.4.0.481

Watch CVE-2023-28461 Browse KEV feed
Severity
CVSS 9.8 · Critical
Confidence
Confirmed
Exploit status
Exploitation attempts observed in the wild
EPSS
68.1%
First observed
—
Last observed
—

Decision summary

What security teams need to know first

Direct answers before the deeper technical record.

What it is

CVE-2023-28461 is an unauthenticated vulnerability affecting Array Networks Array AG Series and vxAG. Array Networks Array AG Series and vxAG (9.4.0.481 and earlier) allow remote code execution. An attacker can browse...

Have exploitation attempts been observed?

Yes. Exploitation attempts have been reported for this vulnerability. Previdian lists it as a known exploited vulnerability. Listed in CISA KEV. Also reported by third-party sources. Confidence is confirmed.

Who is affected?

Array Networks / Array AG Series and vxAG 0 to <= 9.4.0.481.

What should we do?

Prioritize remediation. Validate affected assets and apply vendor fixes on an accelerated timeline.

Overview

Array Networks Array AG Series and vxAG (9.4.0.481 and earlier) allow remote code execution

Array Networks Array AG Series and vxAG (9.4.0.481 and earlier) allow remote code execution. An attacker can browse the filesystem on the SSL VPN gateway using a flags attribute in an HTTP header without authentication.

The product could then be exploited through a vulnerable URL. The 2023-03-09 vendor advisory stated "a new Array AG release with the fix will be available soon."

arraynetworks Affected
arrayos_ag
Through 9.4.0.481
Published
15 Mar 2023
Exploitation Attempts Reported
25 Nov 2024
Attack vector
Remote
Complexity
Low
Privileges
None
User interaction
None

Tags

cisa malware ransomware

CVE References

Exploitation evidence

Evidence of exploitation attempts

Third-party attestation and first-party sensor observation are shown separately so teams can judge the evidence chain.

Exploitation attempts observed in the wild

CISA

Recorded 25 Nov 2024

A trusted third party reported exploitation attempts.

Targeted by malware-related exploitation attempts

CISA

Recorded 25 Nov 2024

Exploitation attempts against this vulnerability are associated with malware-related payloads.

Known exploited vulnerability sources

Per-source evidence links for KEV attestations are available through the Previdian Pro API.

Learn about Pro API access
Source Added
CISA First 2024-11-25 00:00 UTC
CVE 2026-08-05 04:30 UTC
The Shadowserver 2026-08-29 00:00 UTC

Detection

Operational artifacts and observed signals

Make the evidence actionable in scanner, SOC, and edge-control workflows.

Observed signals

Request targets
User-Agents
Callback hosts
0
0
0

Request targets and User-Agents available in Pro. Callback host details available in Enterprise.

Scanner coverage

No scanner integrations recorded yet.

Virtual patch status

No Previdian virtual patch is currently available. Future rules ship for ModSecurity, Cloudflare, and AWS WAF.

Learn about virtual patches →

No detection artifacts or sensor request patterns are available for this CVE yet.

Check back as sensor telemetry and scanner integrations are updated.

Risk and context

Severity, weaknesses, and research context

CVSS v3.1

9.8 Critical

Potential damage if exploited. Separate from whether attackers are using it.

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

EPSS

68.1%

Estimated chance of exploitation in the next 30 days. Previdian's warning comes from evidence, not this score.

Weaknesses

Improper Authentication CWE-287 Missing Authentication for Critical Function CWE-306

Timeline

From disclosure to observed exploitation attempts

  1. 00:00 UTC

    KEV confirmed by The Shadowserver

    Exploitation attempts reported by an external source

  2. 04:30 UTC

    KEV confirmed by CVE

    Exploitation attempts reported by an external source

  3. 00:00 UTC

    Added to CISA KEV

    Listed in the CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog

  4. 00:00 UTC

    Targeted by malware-related exploitation attempts

    Malware-related exploitation attempts or payloads reported

  5. 00:00 UTC

    CVE published

    Vulnerability disclosed publicly

  6. 00:00 UTC

    CVE ID reserved

    Identifier reserved by the CNA

Pro API

Automate this intelligence

Confidence, exploit status, sensor telemetry, PoCs, scanner integrations, mentions, and tags are available programmatically for VM, SOC, and CTI workflows.

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  • Evidence confidence and provenance
  • First-party sensor telemetry
  • PoC and scanner references
  • Affected versions and enrichment
  • Automation-ready JSON delivery

GET /api/v2/pro/kevs/CVE-2023-28461

Sample API response 
{
  "cve_id": "CVE-2023-28461",
  "confidence": "Confirmed",
  "cvss_score": 9.8,
  "cvss_estimated": false,
  "epss_score": 0.68079,
  "exploit_status": {
    "exploited_in_the_wild": true,
    "active_exploitation_observed": false
  },
  "sensor_telemetry": { "attempts": 0, "sensors": 0 }
}