Vulnerability report

Active exploitation observed Confirmed confidence Not in CISA KEV

CVE-2023-39361

Unauthenticated SQL Injection in graph_view.php in Cacti

Cacti · affected before 1.2.25

Watch CVE-2023-39361 Browse KEV feed
Severity
CVSS 9.8 · Critical
Confidence
Confirmed
Exploit status
Observed in sensors
EPSS
88.8%
First observed
20 Sep 2026
Last observed
15 Oct 2026

Decision summary

What security teams need to know first

Direct answers before the deeper technical record.

What it is

CVE-2023-39361 is an unauthenticated Unauthenticated SQL Injection in graph_view.php in Cacti. Cacti is an open source operational monitoring and fault management framework. Affected versions are subject to a SQL...

Is it exploited?

Yes. Previdian sensors observed exploitation attempts with confirmed confidence. Also confirmed by third-party sources.

Who is affected?

cacti affected before 1.2.25.

What should we do?

Patch immediately, validate internet-facing exposure, and monitor for matching requests.

Overview

Cacti is an open source operational monitoring and fault management framework

Cacti is an open source operational monitoring and fault management framework. Affected versions are subject to a SQL injection discovered in graph_view.php. Since guest users can access graph_view.php without authentication by default, if guest users are being utilized in an enabled state, there could be the potential for significant damage. Attackers may exploit this vulnerability, and there may be possibilities for actions such as the usurpation of administrative privileges or remote code execution.

This issue has been addressed in version 1.2.25. Users are advised to upgrade. There are no known workarounds for this vulnerability.

Cacti Affected
cacti
Before 1.2.25
Published
05 Sep 2023
Exploitation Reported
08 Jul 2026
Attack vector
Remote
Complexity
Low
Privileges
None
User interaction
None

Tags

php nuclei_scanner

CVE References

Exploitation evidence

Why Previdian marks this CVE as exploited

Third-party attestation and first-party sensor observation are shown separately so teams can judge the evidence chain.

Exploited in the wild

The Shadowserver

Recorded 08 Jul 2026

A trusted third party reported exploitation.

Active exploitation observed

Previdian sensor

First observed 20 Sep 2026

Previdian first observed exploitation attempts targeting this vulnerability in our honeypot sensors.

Proof of concept available

GitHub

Recorded 01 Jul 2024

Public scanner or PoC coverage increases practical exploitability.

Known exploited vulnerability sources

Per-source evidence links for KEV attestations are available through the Previdian Pro API.

Learn about Pro API access
Source Added
The Shadowserver First 2026-07-08 00:00 UTC
Previdian Sensors 2026-10-02 15:40 UTC

Operational indicators for this CVE are listed under Detection.

Sensor telemetry

First-party evidence of exploitation activity

Previdian sensors recorded exploitation attempts targeting this vulnerability. The cards and chart show volume, unique attackers, and daily activity.

7

Attempts observed

7

Unique attacker IPs

4

Attacker countries

CH · DE · IN · YE

3

Sensors observed

CVE-2023-39361 exploitation attempts over the last 29 days

Daily events observed by Previdian sensors

Updated 17 Oct 2026

0
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
19 Sep 25 Sep 1 Oct 7 Oct 17 Oct

First observed 20 Sep 2026 · Last observed 15 Oct 2026

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Detection

Operational artifacts and observed signals

Make the evidence actionable in scanner, SOC, and edge-control workflows.

Observed signals

Request targets
User-Agents
Callback hosts
1
7
0

Request targets and User-Agents available in Pro. Callback host details available in Enterprise.

Virtual patch status

Previdian virtual patch guidance is available for this CVE.

AWS WAF Cloudflare ModSecurity

Attacker IP Indicators

Attacker IP indicators observed · available in Pro and Enterprise.

Sensor-derived attacker IP indicators are available to Pro and Enterprise accounts under Detection and through the Pro API.

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Scanner Artifacts

Scanner and exploit-framework references linked to this CVE.

Scanner Reference Detected
Nuclei https://github.com/projectdiscovery/nuclei-templates/blob/main/http/cves/2023/CVE-2023-39361.yaml 25 Apr 2025

Virtual Patch Detail

Compensating WAF rules for this CVE.

Available

Enterprise feature. Virtual patch rule content and deployable vendor exports (ModSecurity, Cloudflare, AWS WAF) are available to Previdian Enterprise users.

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Risk and context

Severity, weaknesses, and research context

CVSS v3.1

9.8 Critical

Potential damage if exploited. Separate from whether attackers are using it.

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

EPSS

88.8%

Estimated chance of exploitation in the next 30 days. Previdian's warning comes from evidence, not this score.

Weaknesses

Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an SQL Command ('SQL Injection') CWE-89

Potential Proof of Concepts

These PoCs are unverified and could contain malware. Use at your own risk.

Cacti 1.2.24 - SQL Injection

nuclei · Created Unknown

Timeline

From disclosure to observed exploitation

  1. 16:29 UTC

    Virtual patch available

    Compensating WAF rule available to block exploitation

  2. 13:18 UTC

    Indicators of compromise added (7)

    Indicators of compromise recorded

  3. 13:18 UTC

    Observed by Previdian sensors

    Evidence-backed exploitation signal

  4. 00:00 UTC

    Added to Previdian KEV Feed

    High-confidence, third-party attested exploitation

  5. 14:20 UTC

    Public PoC available

    Public proof-of-concept code published

  6. 00:00 UTC

    Nuclei template available

    Scanner coverage available

  7. 20:58 UTC

    CVE published

    Vulnerability disclosed publicly

  8. 13:26 UTC

    CVE ID reserved

    Identifier reserved by the CNA

Pro API

Automate this intelligence

Confidence, exploit status, sensor telemetry, PoCs, scanner integrations, mentions, and tags are available programmatically for VM, SOC, and CTI workflows.

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  • Evidence confidence and provenance
  • First-party sensor telemetry
  • PoC and scanner references
  • Affected versions and enrichment
  • Automation-ready JSON delivery

GET /api/v2/pro/kevs/CVE-2023-39361

Sample API response 
{
  "cve_id": "CVE-2023-39361",
  "confidence": "Confirmed",
  "cvss_score": 9.8,
  "cvss_estimated": false,
  "epss_score": 0.88793,
  "exploit_status": {
    "exploited_in_the_wild": true,
    "active_exploitation_observed": true
  },
  "sensor_telemetry": { "attempts": 7, "sensors": 3 }
}