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Vulnerability report

Active exploitation observed Confirmed confidence In CISA KEV

CVE-2024-4577

Argument Injection in PHP-CGI

PHP Group / PHP · affected before 8.1.29

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Severity
CVSS 9.8 · Critical
Confidence
Confirmed
Exploit status
Observed in sensors
EPSS
100.0%
First observed
21 Jul 2026
Last observed
25 Aug 2026

Decision summary

What security teams need to know first

Direct answers before the deeper technical record.

What it is

CVE-2024-4577 is an unauthenticated Argument Injection in PHP-CGI. In PHP versions 8.1.* before 8.1.29, 8.2.* before 8.2.20, 8.3.* before 8.3.8, when using Apache and PHP-CGI on Windows, if the system is set up to use...

Is it exploited?

Yes. Previdian sensors observed exploitation attempts with confirmed confidence.

Who is affected?

PHP Group / PHP affected before 8.1.29.

What should we do?

Patch immediately, validate internet-facing exposure, and monitor for matching requests.

Overview

Argument Injection in PHP-CGI

In PHP versions 8.1.* before 8.1.29, 8.2.* before 8.2.20, 8.3.* before 8.3.8, when using Apache and PHP-CGI on Windows, if the system is set up to use certain code pages, Windows may use "Best-Fit" behavior to replace characters in command line given to Win32 API functions.

PHP CGI module may misinterpret those characters as PHP options, which may allow a malicious user to pass options to PHP binary being run, and thus reveal the source code of scripts, run arbitrary PHP code on the server, etc.

Vendor Product Affected Status
php_group php Before 8.1.29 Affected
php_group php Before 8.2.20 Affected
php_group php Before 8.3.8 Affected
PHP Group PHP Before 8.1.29 Affected
PHP Group PHP Before 8.2.20 Affected
PHP Group PHP Before 8.3.8 Affected
Published
09 Jun 2024
Exploitation Reported
12 Jun 2024
Attack vector
Remote
Complexity
Low
Privileges
None
User interaction
None

Tags

windows nuclei_scanner ransomware malware nessus_scanner metasploit apache php cisa

CVE References

Exploitation evidence

Why Previdian marks this CVE as exploited

Third-party attestation and first-party sensor observation are shown separately so teams can judge the evidence chain.

Exploited in the wild

CISA

Recorded 12 Jun 2024

Independent exploitation attestation added to the Previdian record.

Active exploitation observed

Previdian sensor

First observed 21 Jul 2026

First-party sensor telemetry confirms matching exploitation attempts.

Used in malware

CISA

Recorded 12 Jun 2024

Malware families have been linked to exploitation of this CVE.

Proof of concept available

GitHub

Recorded 11 Jul 2024

Public scanner or PoC coverage increases practical exploitability.

Known exploited vulnerability sources

Per-source evidence links for KEV attestations are available through the Previdian Pro API.

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Source Added
CISA First 2024-06-12 00:00 UTC
The Shadowserver 2026-05-31 00:00 UTC
Previdian 2026-08-20 18:39 UTC

Operational indicators for this CVE are listed under Detection.

Sensor telemetry

First-party evidence of exploitation activity

Aggregate observations show the scale, recency, and distribution of activity without overstating sparse data.

8,011

Attempts observed

557

Unique attacker IPs

50

Attacker countries

AE · AF · AR · AT · BD · BE · BG · BR · CA · CH · CN · DE · DO · ES · ET · FI · FR · GB · HK · HU · ID · IN · IR · JP · KR · KZ · LV · LY · NL · NP · PA · PK · PL · PT · RS · RU · SA · SC · SE · SG · SO · TH · TR · TW · UA · US · UZ · VN · ZA · ZM

33

Sensors observed

Exploitation attempts over the last 37 days

Daily events observed by Previdian sensors

Updated 25 Aug 2026

0
28
154
110
96
102
163
231
105
80
140
217
167
250
190
196
264
222
489
239
271
179
253
334
240
320
236
265
253
254
332
309
265
355
320
845
40
20 Jul 28 Jul 5 Aug 13 Aug 25 Aug

First observed 21 Jul 2026 · Last observed 25 Aug 2026

Pro adds sensor region and window summaries. Enterprise adds raw IPs, paths, User-Agents, and payloads.

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Detection

Operational artifacts and observed signals

Make the evidence actionable in scanner, SOC, and edge-control workflows.

Observed signals

Request targets
97
User-Agents
36

Raw values available in Pro and Enterprise.

Virtual patch status

No Previdian virtual patch is currently available. Future rules ship for ModSecurity, Cloudflare, and AWS WAF.

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Attacker IP Indicators

Attacker IP indicators observed · available in Pro and Enterprise.

Sensor-derived attacker IP indicators are available to Pro and Enterprise accounts under Detection and through the Pro API.

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Scanner Artifacts

Scanner and exploit-framework references linked to this CVE.

Scanner Reference Detected
Metasploit https://github.com/rapid7/metasploit-framework/blob/master/modules/exploits/windows/http/php_cgi_arg_injection_rce_cve_2024_4577.rb 28 Apr 2025
Nuclei https://github.com/projectdiscovery/nuclei-templates/blob/main/http/cves/2024/CVE-2024-4577.yaml 25 Apr 2025
Nessus https://www.tenable.com/plugins/nessus/214953 04 Feb 2025

Risk and context

Severity, weaknesses, and research context

CVSS v3.1

9.8 Critical
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

EPSS

100.0%

Weaknesses

Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection') CWE-78

Potential Proof of Concepts

These PoCs are unverified and could contain malware. Use at your own risk.

PHP CGI - Argument Injection

nuclei · Created Unknown

php_cgi_arg_injection_rce_cve_2024_4577

metasploit · Created Unknown

Metasploit module for CVE-2024-4577

Timeline

From disclosure to observed exploitation

  1. Observed by Previdian sensors

    Evidence-backed exploitation signal

  2. Indicators of compromise added (580)

    Indicators of compromise recorded

  3. KEV confirmed by The Shadowserver

    Exploitation attested by an external source

  4. Metasploit module available

    Exploit module available

  5. Public PoC available

    Public proof-of-concept code published

  6. Nuclei template available

    Scanner coverage available

  7. Nessus plugin available

    Scanner coverage available

  8. Added to CISA KEV

    Listed in the CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog

  9. First public exploitation report

    Exploit observed in malware

  10. CVE published

    Vulnerability disclosed publicly

  11. CVE ID reserved

    Identifier reserved by the CNA

Pro API

Automate this intelligence

Confidence, exploit status, sensor telemetry, PoCs, scanner integrations, mentions, and tags are available programmatically for VM, SOC, and CTI workflows.

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  • Evidence confidence and provenance
  • First-party sensor telemetry
  • PoC and scanner references
  • Affected versions and enrichment
  • Automation-ready JSON delivery

GET /api/v2/pro/kevs/CVE-2024-4577

Free JSON includes basic KEV fields 
{
  "cve_id": "CVE-2024-4577",
  "confidence": "Confirmed",
  "cvss_score": 9.8,
  "cvss_estimated": false,
  "epss_score": 0.99987,
  "exploit_status": {
    "exploited_in_the_wild": true,
    "active_exploitation_observed": true
  },
  "sensor_telemetry": { "attempts": 8011, "sensors": 33 }
}

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